This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), Recovery Act Limited Competition: NIH Challenge Grants in Health and Science Research (RC1), is developed as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act), Pub. L. No. 111-5. All NIH Institutes and Centers with funding authority will participate with the NIH Office of the Director in this initiative. This FOA, RFA-OD-09-003, will be administered by the Office of the Director of the NIH (http://www.nih.gov/).